Factor | City of Emden (wind energy) | City of Soltau (bioenergy) |
---|---|---|
Important actors | • Stadtwerke Emden & EWEa • Private individuals, farmersa • Turbine producers Enercon and BARD • Engineering firm specialized in renewable energy • Local administration and politics (active mayor) • Civil society/semipublic actors | • Farmers (as operators and/or substrate suppliers)a, b • Agricultural firmsa, b • Machinery syndicates • Local utility: Stadtwerke Soltau • Local administration |
Types of local actors involved in value creation | • Operators and turbine producers • Various service providers: consulting, planning, development, and engineering firms • Firms in construction, electrical installation/engineering, and other trades | • Operators and substrate suppliers • Service providers, especially in planning and development • Firms in construction, electrical installation/engineering, and tank and pipeline construction and maintenance |
Characteristics of local actor relationships | • Grown structures based on long-lasting cooperation • Joint development and implementation of innovation (with turbine producers) | • Characterized by personal contact, stability, and trust • Production structure based on division of labor among operators and regional firms • Network of specialized suppliers |