Table 4 Investigated processes for energy production from grassland
From: Sustainability assessment of energy technologies: towards an integrative framework
Nature of grassland | Type of biomass and yield (dry matter per hectare and year) | Product or process | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
Maintained extensive grassland (low productivity) | Mulching | Reference grassland use | |
Hay (3.9 t) | High pressure (HP) bales (REKA) | A | |
Round bales (Herlt) | B | ||
Pellets (Agroflamm) | C | ||
Dry fermentation with maize silage | D | ||
Converted extensive grassland | Short rotation poplars (5.6 t) | Wood chips | E |
Maintained intensive grassland (high productivity) | Grass silage, two cuts per year (6.4 t) | Wet fermentation | F |
Wet fermentation with substrate mix | F | ||
Grass silage, three cuts per year (10 t) | Wet fermentation | F | |
Wet fermentation with substrate mix | F | ||
Converted intensive grassland | Maize (15 t) | Wet fermentation | G |
Wet fermentation with substrate mix | G | ||
Dry fermentation with hay | D | ||
Short rotation poplars (9.4 t) | Wood chips | H | |
Wood chips (low emissions combustion) | I |