Fuel | Gross calorific value (MJ/kg) | Cost per weight ($/kg) | Cost per caloric value ($/MJ) | Transportation in Canada | Transportation to Aikokan, ON | Relative GHG emissions and carbon neutrality hypothesis(g CO2/kWh*h) | Waste by-products and disposal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coal | 0.05 [58] | $0.0019/MJ to $0.0020/MJ (lignite) | Mine mouth in many instances 1,000Â s of km primarily byrail, with some road depending on where production facilityis located [53, 59] | Lignite coal is currently shipped approximately 1,000Â kmfrom Benoit, SK. All fuel production is located well outsideAtikokan's jurisdiction. | 850 to 1116 [22, 60] Coal releases carbon which was sequestered 225 to345 million years ago [55, 61]. | Fly ash can be used in environmental applications wheremarkets dictate [49, 50, 62]. | |
Wood Pellets | $0.012/MJ to $0.014/MJ | Transported 100Â s of km primarily by road with some rail [54] | Relatively high cost per unit energy ($/MJ) necessitatesrelatively short transportation distance from wood pelletproduction facility. | 39 to 80 [22] May be carbon neutral [51, 65, 66] Releasing carbon which was sequestered within thepast 200Â years [67] | |||
Co-fire | Depending on fuel mix, values will vary between coal and woodpellets. | Depending on fuel mix, values will vary between coal and woodpellets. | Depending on fuel mix, values will vary between coal and woodpellets. | Depending on fuel mix, values will vary between coal and woodpellets. | Depending on fuel mix, values will vary between coal and woodpellets. | 883 to 906 [22] | A potential concrete additive [46] |