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Table 1 Overview is policy action plans Ruhr city governments have prepared regarding CHP

From: Decentralised combined heat and power in the German Ruhr Valley; assessment of factors blocking uptake and integration

City

Year of origin of policy action plan

Inhabitants

Actions regarding decentralised CHP

Bochum

2009

373,000

Feasibility study: integration of small CHP (buildings) in the regional supply concept (ā€˜virtual power plantā€™).

Bottrop

2011

116,000

Local heating grid Kirchhellen: construction of a CHP plant of 15,000Ā kW with local heating grid on the basis of renewable energies (biogas, wood).

Dortmund

2011

580,000

Potential study of utilising CHP units in private households and the commercial sector.

Block-heating station-ā€˜Pushā€™ in municipal properties.

Duisburg

2009

488,000

None.

Essen

2009

573,000

Integration of urban development contracts into town plans to regulate use of CHP.

Gelsenkirchen

2011

256,000

Block-heating station-ā€˜Pushā€™ in municipal properties.

Pilot project: ā€˜Extension of CHPā€™.

Local heating grid in interconnection (potential analysis for block heating stations).

Combination of geothermal energy and micro-CHP.

Oberhausen

2012

212,000

Heat supply in the form of heat contracting for private house owners.

Decentralised CHP for the local heating grid in Barmingholten.

Recklinghausen

2012

118,000

Extension of (renewable energy) CHP in the city area.

Witten

2013

98,000

ā€˜Pushā€™ for combined heat and power.