Table 2 Comparison of cost structures and performance of renewable energy by type of technology for Germany and Japan
From: Regional economic effects of renewable energies - comparing Germany and Japan
Cost and revenue structures (JPY/kW) (for installations in the year 2012) | Solar | Wind | Hydro | Biomass | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
150 kW (roof) | 1,000 kW (ground) | 2,000 kW (onshore) | 200 kW | 5,000 kW (wood) | |||||||||||
Germany | Japan | JP/GER | Germany | Japan | JP/GER | Germany | Japan | JP/GER | Germany | Japan | JP/GER | Germany | Japan | JP/GER | |
At planning and installation stage | |||||||||||||||
Total investment | 235,300 | 369,533 | 157% | 208,000 | 372,000 | 179% | 177,190 | 360,673 | 204% | 968,108 | 1,587,500 | 164% | 502,154 | 478,400 | 95% |
Direct investment cost | 149,240 | 260,000 | 174% | 140,504 | 238,000 | 169% | 130,000 | 230,000 | 177% | 683,668 | 600,000 | 88% | 432,464 | 287,000 | 66% |
Indirect investment cost (e.g. planning/construction) | 86,060 | 109,533 | 127% | 67,496 | 134,000 | 199% | 47,190 | 130,673 | 277% | 284,440 | 987,500 | 347% | 69,690 | 191,400 | 275% |
At system operation stage | |||||||||||||||
Operating cost | 20,246 | 34,005 | 168% | 18,184 | 31,158 | 171% | 19,444 | 33,269 | 171% | 68,048 | 139,112 | 204% | 114,984 | 184,957 | 161% |
Operator revenue | 26,430 | 42,048 | 159% | 26,998 | 37,843 | 140% | 25,966 | 38,544 | 148% | 90,055 | 177,828 | 197% | 136,577 | 201,830 | 148% |
Profit before tax | 6,184 | 8,043 | 130% | 8,814 | 6,685 | 76% | 6,522 | 5,275 | 81% | 22,006 | 38,716 | 176% | 21,593 | 16,873 | 78% |
ROS from operation (before tax)* | 23.4% | 19.1% | −4.3% | 32.6% | 17.7% | −15.0% | 25.1% | 13.7% | −11.4% | 24.4% | 21.8% | −2.7% | 15.8% | 8.4% | −7.4% |
ROE from operation (before tax)** | 8.5% | 7.3% | −1.2% | 7.4% | 6.0% | −1.4% | 13.9% | 4.9% | −9.0% | 7.0% | 8.1% | 1.1% | 11.6% | 11.8% | 0.2% |
Investment-related ratios | |||||||||||||||
Operating cost/total investment | 9% | 9% | 1% | 9% | 8% | 0% | 11% | 9% | −2% | 7.0% | 9% | 2% | 23% | 39% | 16% |
Other investment/total investment | 37% | 30% | −7% | 32% | 36% | 4% | 27% | 36% | 10% | 29% | 62% | 33% | 14% | 40% | 26% |