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Table 1 Typical fuel composition (natural gas vs. biogases)

From: Efficient and ultra-clean use of biogas in the fuel cell - the DFC experience

Composition

Natural gas

Biogases

Wastewater

Food waste

Animal waste

Landfill

Methane (vol.%)

80 to 100

Approximately 50 to 65

Approximately 50 to 70

45 to 60

40 to 55

Carbon dioxide (vol.%)

0 to 3

35 to 45

25 to 45

35 to 50

35 to 50

Nitrogen (vol.%)

0 to 3

0 to 5

0 to 5

0 to 5

0 to 20

Oxygen (vol.%)

0 to 0.2

0 to 1

0 to 1

0 to 1

0.5 to 4

Higher hydrocarbons (vol.%)

0 to 15

Negligible

Negligible

0 to 1

0 to 1

Impurities (ppm)

     

H2S

0 to 0.1

0 to 3,000

0 to 10,000

0 to 3,000

0 to 2,000

Non-H2S sulfur

0 to 10

0 to 1

0 to 1,000

0 to 30

0 to 50

Halogens

<0.1

<0.2

<0.2

<0.2

0 to 100

  1. Biogas cleanup challenges include light sulfur compounds, siloxane, and halogens (particularly in the presence of moisture).