Table 2 Types and time frames of increasing flexible power supply based on solid biofuels, data based on Smart Bioenergy, Ch. 4 [106]
Flexibility time frame | Flexibility type (market) | Additional technical demands |
|---|---|---|
<15 min | Secondary + tertiary control reserve (to balance the net frequency) | Steam bypass and/or storage (for steam cycle power plants); gas storage (for gasification + gas engine) |
15 min–6 h | Intraday (balance forecast errors, larger plant malfunctions, etc.) | Advanced control strategies, heat storage |
6–24 h | Day-ahead (balance residual loads) | Advanced control strategies, heat storage |
1–7 days | Day-ahead (balance residual loads, in particular macro weather situation) | Long-term heat storage with high capacity |
7–90 days | Day-ahead (balance residual load, seasonal demand) | Long-term heat storage with high capacity |
90–365 days | Day-ahead | Increasing efficiency in part load operation, e.g., by applying constructive changes in combustion chamber or using modular designs |