Table 3 Optimal scenarios with changed side parameters and results
From: Smart energy systems for smart city districts: case study Reininghaus District
Scenario | Changed parameter | Cost variation (purchase) | Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID | Name | Description | Building standard | Up or down to | Value added per year (all quarters) | Value added per year (quarters 1, 4 and 4a) |
0a | Baseline | No additional changes | OIB | – | 416,000 €/year | 84,000 €/year |
0b | Baseline | No additional changes | NZE | – | 286,000 €/year | 21,000 €/year |
1a | Natural gas | Increased+/reduced* natural gas energy price | OIB | € 57+/€ 47* | 358,000 €/year+ | 91,000 €/year* |
1b | Natural gas | Increased+/reduced* natural gas energy price | NZE | € 51+/€ 45* | 259,000 €/year+ | 24,000 €/year* |
2a | District heat | Reduced district heat cost | OIB | € 51/€ 56 | 395,000 €/year | 74,000 €/year |
2b | District heat | Reduced district heat cost | NZE | € 50/€ 51 | 270,000 €/year | 18,000 €/year |
3a | PV | Reduced PV feed-in tariff | OIB | € 89 | 375,000 €/year | 80,000 €/year |
3b | PV | Reduced PV feed-in tariff | NZE | € 89 | 245,000 €/year | 16,000 €/year |
4a | CHP | Increased CHP feed-in tariff | OIB | € 74/€ 80 | 424,000 €/year | 88,000 €/year |
4b | CHP | Increased CHP feed-in tariff | NZE | € 75/€ 91 | 316,000 €/year | 26,000 €/year |
5a | Economic and ecological optimum | No energy cost for purchasing cooling water from deep water well | OIB | € 0 | 641,000 €/year | 193,000 €/year |
5b | Economic and Ecological Optimum | No energy cost for purchasing cooling water from deep water well | NZE | € 0 | 525,000 €/year | 98,000 €/year |
6a | Waste heat limitation | Availability of waste heat just from Marienhütte Stahlwerk | OIB | – | 417,000 €/year | 74,000 €/year |
6b | Waste heat limitation | Availability of waste heat just from Marienhütte Stahlwerk | NZE | – | 282,000 €/year | 17,000 €/year |
7a | Autonomy heat | No external energy for heating | OIB | – | 363,000 €/year | 85,000 €/year |
7b | Autonomy heat | No external energy for heating | NZE | – | 261,000 €/year | 21,000 €/year |
8a | Autonomy heat and electricity | No external energy for heating and electricity | OIB | – | Not possible with just 1 % space on roofs for PV | Not possible with just 1 % space on roofs for PV |
8b | Autonomy heat and electricity | No external energy for heating and electricity | NZE | – | Not possible with just 1 % space on roofs for PV | Not possible with just 1 % space on roofs for PV |