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Table 2 Three orders of legal institutions

From: Smart design rules for smart grids: analysing local smart grid development through an empirico-legal institutional lens

Three orders of legal institutions

Orders of institutions

Legal institutions (placing in this table does not mean to suggest relations across levels)a

1st order

Legal Quality (e.g. public authority)

Legal Status (e.g. public good)

P2P-relationa (e.g. contract)

P2O-relation (e.g. ownership)

O2O-relation (e.g. easement)

2nd order

Legal Persons (e.g. associations, foundations, corporations) (public or private)

Legal Objects e.g. tradable private or public rights (following P2P/P2O/O2O) relations

3rd order

Public Hierarchy (e.g. states, municipalities)

Civil Networks (e.g. NGOs, communities)

Competitive markets (e.g. commodity markets)

  1. a 1st order is logically conditional to 2nd and 3rd orders; existence of 3rd order institutions influences scope for other institutions within