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Table 4 Energy use and carbon dioxide emission (CO2) of the office alternatives

From: Innovative offices for smarter cities, including energy use and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions

In kWh/year

Present

Mega

Local

Home

Offices

 Lighting

1468

1299

812

1468

 Air conditioning electric

991

932

485

1109

 Air conditioning gas

8900

6261

2236

10,364

 Equipment

622

523

361

684

 Subtotal office use

11,981

9014

3894

13625

 Subtotal office energy reduction

0%

25%

67%

−14%

Transport

 Car

4442

3397

0

0

 Train

97

760

0

0

 Subtotal transport energy reduction

4539

4157

0

0

 Total MWh per person

16.5

13.2

3.9

13.6

 Energy reduction

0%

20%

76%

18%

CO2 kg per year per person

 Office electricity

511

383

163

582

 Office gas

134

95

34

157

 Car

128

98

0

0

 Train

4

33

0

0

 Total kg/year

777

608

197

738

 Percent of typical CO2 per capitaa

7.4%

5.8%

1.9%

7.0%

 Emission reduction

0%

22%

75%

5%

  1. Emission factors for CO2 in kg per kWh are for offices electricity 0.043 [69], for car 0.029 [70], for train 0.035 [71, 72] for gas 0.015 [73]; gas is 35 MJ/m3, 3.6 MJ/kWh
  2. aAssumed 10 500 kg CO2 per person per year