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Table 5 The European Union data on population, expenditures, and space use (data in 2012)

From: Innovative offices for smarter cities, including energy use and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions

 

Population 2008–2013

Expenditures on education 2005–2012

Areas 2006–2012

Urban space use 2003–2014

Smartness dilution index

mln citizens

Share 60+

Share 18–24 years

Students mln

Total € mln

€/pupils all level

Tertiary

€/student

Built-in area km2a

Property room/person

m2/person

Built-in/population *property

EU 27

504

24.5%

8.0%

20

574,957

5737

138,432

6795

65,055

1.6

129

82

Annual growth

 EU 27

0.2%

1.4%

-1.6%

1.4%

0.6%

0.0%

2%

0%

8.4%

1.1%

129

7%

 Belgium

0.8%

0.5%

0.8%

2.9%

1.1%

1.5%

2%

−1%

21.0%

0.1%

193

20%

 Bulgaria

−0.6%

2.1%

-3.6%

3.1%

−0.1%

−0.2%

0%

−4%

 

1.7%

144

−1%

 Czech Republic

0.3%

2.5%

−2.3%

4.9%

1.2%

0.2%

7%

1%

6.6%

2.7%

117

4%

 Denmark

0.5%

1.3%

2.3%

1.9%

0.5%

−0.6%

1%

−2%

1.4%

0.0%

178

1%

 Germany

−0.2%

1.2%

−2.0%

3.4%

0.9%

3.7%

4%

1%

6.1%

1.0%

113

5%

 Estonia

−0.3%

1.8%

−4.2%

0.3%

1.2%

2.0%

5%

6%

−1.3%

5.6%

148

−6%

 Ireland

0.5%

2.4%

−4.5%

0.9%

3.1%

2.4%

4%

4%

1.3%

0.0%

182

1%

 Greece

−0.3%

1.4%

−2.0%

     

6.5%

0.0%

129

7%

 Spain

0.2%

1.4%

−3.0%

1.3%

2.0%

−0.6%

3%

1%

6.9%

0.0%

135

7%

 France

0.5%

1.3%

−1.6%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

2%

1%

7.4%

1.0%

136

6%

 Italy

0.5%

1.1%

−0.2%

−0.4%

0.8%

−2.7%

1%

1%

10.4%

0.0%

135

10%

 Cyprus

1.3%

0.8%

−0.3%

8.4%

2.9%

3.1%

7%

1%

 

0.0%

273

−1%

 Latvia

−1.4%

1.8%

−4.1%

−3.7%

0.2%

0.9%

2%

10%

−19.2%

3.4%

95

−21%

 Lithuania

−1.3%

1.8%

−1.7%

-0.6%

0.3%

2.6%

6%

5%

−15.5%

5.5%

129

−19%

 Luxembourg

2.2%

0.7%

2.1%

     

24.2%

1.8%

123

19%

 Hungary

−0.3%

2.6%

0.1%

−2.2%

−1.4%

-3.8%

−1%

1%

12.8%

2.0%

159

11%

 Malta

0.7%

3.0%

−1.3%

3.6%

0.5%

9.1%

4%

11%

 

0.8%

140

−2%

 Netherlands

0.4%

2.2%

0.8%

5.7%

1.0%

−0.6%

3%

−2%

10.7%

−0.8%

103

11%

 Austria

0.5%

1.1%

0.9%

6.8%

0.9%

1.0%

1%

−4%

9.2%

0.1%

208

9%

 Poland

0.0%

3.1%

−3.5%

−0.3%

0.6%

4.2%

3%

3%

1.1%

1.7%

121

0%

 Portugal

−0.2%

2.2%

−1.9%

0.7%

0.7%

−1.7%

2%

5%

15.6%

3.5%

204

12%

 Romania

−0.5%

1.9%

−3.9%

3.4%

 

−12.3%

   

1.9%

124

−1%

 Slovenia

0.4%

1.8%

−3.7%

−0.7%

−0.6%

−0.1%

1%

0%

−0.6%

5.7%

77

−6%

 Slovakia

0.1%

1.3%

−5.6%

3.9%

2.5%

6.1%

6%

−1%

12.1%

0.1%

135

12%

 Finland

0.5%

2.3%

−0.2%

0.1%

0.8%

1.6%

2%

1%

−0.3%

0.0%

174

−1%

 Sweden

0.9%

1.6%

1.1%

1.4%

0.7%

1.0%

2%

0%

9.0%

1.0%

168

7%

 United Kingdom

0.7%

0.8%

−0.1%

1.5%

0.0%

−2.1%

0%

2%

−1.3%

0.9%

90

−3%

  1. aTotal land is 3,947,726 km2, i.e., built-in area is 1.6%