Table 1 Two categories of heat infrastructure/infrastructure characteristics

1. Legal form (public/private)

2. Ownership (100% government/100% private)

3. Value orientation (sustainability and or reliability or a business oriented infrastructure)

4. Financing (100% government/100% private)

5. Activities (legal structured/market activities)

6. Market environment (monopoly/competition)

7. Autonomy to government (dependent/independent)

(5–7 here assumed to indicate ‘privateness’)

1. Scale (one spatial regime/several spatial regimes)

2. Production (monopoly/different producers);

3. Distribution (monopoly/different distributors)

4. Transport and delivery (monopoly/several traders)

5. Consumption (one consumer/different consumers)

6. Energy sources (one source/several sources)