Fig. 4

Development of different marketing forms for bioelectricity production over time (in TWh, 2012–2015, source: own representation based on [123]). Note: the EEG 2014 abolished the so-called green electricity privilege, which offered electricity suppliers a reduction in the EEG surcharge if a certain percentage of their electricity supply was sourced directly from marketed RES. Other forms of direct marketing which do not receive remuneration under the EEG are not displayed, as amounts are very small