Table 1 Overview of projects studied

Bedzed

England

82 lodgings

50 dwellings/ha

Living Machine¹

Zero carbon program; “one living planet” program

Environmentally and financially unstainable

Abandoned

2000 (district)

[85, 86]

LEAP

England

–

AD in situ

Collaborative partnership

–

Operating

2013 (valorization unit)

[79]

Les Grisettes (Montpellier)

France

1500 lodgings

75 dwellings/ha

AD in situ

Social and economic issues about the AD unit

Before the optimization of the unit: vermin, olfactory behavior, low energy production

Operating

2005 (valorization unit)–2014 (district)

[98, 99]*

Brest

France

142,000 inhabitants

281,100 persons/ha

Compost in situ

Politic engagement and social initiatives

–

Operating

1998 (valorization unit)

[87]*

Freiburg im Breisgau

Germany

230,000 inhabitants

147,900 persons/ha

AD ex situ

–

–

Operating

1999 (valorization unit)

[17, 19, 20, 100, 101] *

Flintenbreite (Lübeck)

Germany

117 lodgings

70 persons/ha

AD in situ

Hannover EXPO 2000

Politic engagement

Not yet operational, pre-study

Developing

2000 (valorization unit)

[19, 20, 35, 36, 59, 60] *

Jenfelder Au (Hamburg)

Germany

2000 inhabitants

57 persons/ha

“Local” AD

Hamburg Water Cycle®; project KREIS

Pre-study

Developing

2012 (district)

[19, 20, 42, 46, 102]

Quartier Vauban (Freiburg)

Germany

5000 inhabitants

135 persons/ha

AD in situ

Passive habitation

Financial bankruptcy

Abandoned

1997 (valorization unit)

[7, 17, 19, 20, 100] *

Allermöhe (Hamburg)

Germany

36 lodgings

Compost in situ

Ecological construction model

–

Operating

1985 (district)

[19, 20, 53]

Nashik

India

1,487,000 inhabitants

573,800 persons/ha

AD ex situ

International climate initiative; sanitary issue; Hamburg Water Cycle®

Pre-study

Developing

2013 (valorization unit)

[48, 52, 76, 103,104,105]

Noorderhoek (Sneek)

Netherlands

232 apartments

44 persons/ha

AD in situ

Social, scientific, and Political engagement; rehabilitation of district

–

Operating

2007

[5, 19, 21, 31, 38, 39, 54] *

Eva-Lanxmeer (Culemborg)

Netherlands

250 lodgings into 24 ha

AD in situ; Living Machine¹

Social and environmental building initiative

Pre-study; AD project abandoned due to the financial crisis (2007).

Abandoned

1999 (district)

[5, 16, 19, 21, 41, 49, 75, 77, 92] *

Malmö

Sweden

300,000 inhabitants

204,500 persons/ha

AD ex situ (Sjölunda)

Scientific and politic engagement

–

Operating

1978 (wastewater)

[22,23,24,25, 29, 47, 50, 74]

1999 (food waste)

Bo01/Fullriggaren (Malmö)

Sweden

2000 lodgings (2 districts)

122 persons/ha

AD ex situ (Kristianstad)

2001 European Exhibition; rehabilitation of docks

–

Operating

2000 (district)

1997 (Kristianstad)

1978 (Sjölunda)

[7, 22,23,24,25, 50, 61, 106,107,108]*

AD ex situ (Sjölunda)

Operating

Hammarby Sjöstad (Stockholm)

Sweden

10,000 lodgings

133 persons/ha.

AD in situ (Henriksdal)

High environmental ambitions, support by social and political communities; rehabilitation of a brownfield site

Valorization unit still in evolution

Operating

1989 (Hammarby Model)

1971 (Henriksdal)

2014 (Södertörn)

[7, 24, 25, 65, 67, 81, 88, 109, 110]

AD ex situ (Södertörn)

Valorization unit still in evolution

Operating