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Table 3 Mean value of basic socio-economic and demographic variables of respondents (standard deviation in parentheses)

From: Returns, setbacks, and future prospects of bio-energy promotion in northern Ethiopia: the case of family-sized biogas energy

Variables

Treated observations (n = 200)

Control observations (n = 200)

Total sample (n = 400)

P value

Sex of the household head (female = 0, male = 1)

0.86 (0.34)

0.89 (0.31)

0.87 (0.33)

–

Age of the household head in years

47 (9.18)

45 (10.3)

46 (9.8)

0.03

Education level of the household head (years of schooling)

2.5 (2.7)

1.5 (2.4)

2 (2.64)

0.000

Household size

6.3 (1.68)

5.7 (1.77)

6 (1.75)

0.001

Farm size in tsimad

2.5 (1.32)

2.07 (1.57)

2.3 (1.47)

0.000

Cattle holding in heads

5 (2.73)

5 (3.24)

5 (2.99)

0.32

Annual income in ETB

18,949.78 (12910)

14,175.5 (8287.5)

16,562.6 (11095)

0.000