Households’ energy preference and consumption intensity in Kenya

Mbaka, Charity Kageni; Gikonyo, Joseph; Kisaka, Oscar Masika

doi:10.1186/s13705-019-0201-8

Energy, Sustainability and Society

Table 6 Probability and conditional and unconditional discrete marginal effects for household’s energy consumption intensity

From: Households’ energy preference and consumption intensity in Kenya

Variables	First hurdle	Second hurdle
Variables	Probability	Conditional	Unconditional
Electricity
Location
Urban	0.2209	0.0067***	0.0076***
Gender
Female	− 0.001***	− 0.0223***	− 0.0255*
Decision maker on energy consumption
Spouse	− 0.0210***	− 0.0081***	− 0.0092***
Child	− 0.0280***	0.0113***	0.0128
Dwelling unit
Semi-permanent	− 0.1608***	− 0.0234***	− 0.0269**
Temporary	− 0.1575***	− 0.0283***	− 0.0327
Average monthly income (KSh)
2501–5000	0.0550***	0.0989981***	0.1169991
5001–10,000	0.1013**	0.0788541***	0.0941023*
10,001–15,000	0.1634*	0.0674013***	0.0808989*
15,001–20,000	0.2028	0.0539039***	0.0651523*
20,001–50,000	0.2422	0.0885763***	0.1052032
50,001–100,000	0.33225*	0.093369***	0.1106408
100,001 and above	0.2535	0.2025687**	0.02295856**
Education level
Primary school	0.0445***	− 0.0212***	− 0.0245**
Secondary school	0.0977*	− 0.0212***	− 0.0245**
Vocational/diploma	0.1667	− 0.0051***	− 0.0058
Bachelor’s degree	0.2285	0.0421***	0.0474**
Postgraduate level	0.0455***	0.0744***	0.2367*
Age of HHH (years)
31–35	0.01250***	− 0.0362***	− 0.04158**
36–40	− 0.0108***	− 0.0310***	− 0.0355**
41–45	− 0.0096***	− 0.0110***	− 0.0126**
46–50	− 0.0418***	− 0.0050***	− 0.0057***
51–60	− 0.0147***	0.0028***	0.0031***
61 and above	0.0203***	− 0.0200***	− 0.0228**
Marital status
Married	− 0.0192***	− 0.0781***	− 0.0876***
Widowed	0.0008***	− 0.0837***	− 0.0940***
Divorced	− 0.0462***	− 0.0323***	− 0.0356**
LPG
Location
Urban	0.2209	− 0.0286	0.0005***
Gender
Female	− 0.0206***	− 0.0295	− 0.0005***
Decision maker on energy consumption
Spouse	− 0.0206***	0.0121***	0.0132**
Child	− 0.0282***	0.0147***	0.0389**
Dwelling unit
Semi-permanent	− 0.1608***	− 0.0092***	0.0121**
Temporary	− 0.1575***	0.0240***	0.0160
Average monthly income (KSh)
2501–5000	0.0418***	0.0068***	0.0078***
5001–10,000	0.0392**	0.1030***	0.1129
10,001–15,000	0.0399	0.1086***	0.1189
15,001–20,000	0.0408	0.0617***	0.0687*
20,001–50,000	0.0412	0.0576***	0.0643*
50,001–100,000	0.0510	0.0345***	0.038**
100, 001 and above	0.0793*	0.0422***	0.0121**
Education level
Primary school	0.0309***	0.0238	0.0262**
Secondary school	0.0309**	0.0271	0.0298**
Vocational/diploma	0.0334	0.0173	0.0191
Bachelor’s degree	0.0431	0.0403	0.0441**
Postgraduate level	0.1347***	0.1969*	0.2071**
Age of HHH (years)
31–35	0.0192***	0.0444***	0.0476**
36–40	0.0206***	− 0.0269***	− 0.0296**
41–45	0.0223***	− 0.0260***	− 0.0286**
46–50	0.0232***	− 0.0001***	− 0.001***
51–60	0.0240**	− 0.0332***	− 0.0367**
61 and above	0.0341***	− 0.0135***	− 0.0148**
Marital status
Married	0.0200***	− 0.058***	− 0.0633***
Widowed	0.0312***	− 0.0640***	− 0.0691*
Divorced	0.0817***	− 0.0631***	− 0.0680*
Kerosene
Location
Urban	0.1090	− 0.0616***	− 0.0827319*
Gender
Female	0.0213704***	− 0.0246***	− 0.0330867**
Decision maker on energy consumption
Spouse	− 0.0158	0.0080***	0.010**
Child	− 0.0577	− 0.0055***	− 0.0073
Dwelling unit
Semi-permanent	− 0.0990	0.0262***	0.0359**
Temporary	− 0.0795	0.0841**	0.1138
Average monthly income (KSh)
2501–5000	− 0.0516***	0.015***	− 0.0206**
5001–10,000	− 0.0004***	− 0.0433***	− 0.0599**
10,001–15,000	0.0349***	− 0.0688***	− 0.0948**
15,001–20,000	0.0628***	− 0.0946***	0.0687*
20,001–50,000	0.1263***	− 0.1228***	0.0643*
50,001–100,000	0.3028**	− 0.2729***	0.0389**
100,001 and above	0.3746	− 0.1229***	0.0121**
Education level
Primary school	0.0378***	0.0039***	0.0262**
Secondary school	0.1182*	− 0.0182***	0.029**
Vocational/diploma	0.1816	− 0.0189***	0.0191
Bachelor’s degree	0.2439	− 0.0603***	0.0441**
Postgraduate level	0.1038***	− 0.1349***	0.2071
Age of HHH (years)
31–35	0.0158***	− 0.0435***	− 0.0585***
36–40	− 0.0154***	− 0.0451***	− 0.0606**
41–45	− 0.035***	− 0.0326***	− 0.0439**
46–50	− 0.0312***	− 0.0330***	− 0.0444**
51–60	− 0.00***	− 0.0556***	− 0.0748**
61 and above	0.0261***	− 0.0720***	− 0.0968**
Marital status
Married	− 0.0260***	− 0.0387***	− 0.0520**
Widowed	− 0.0025***	− 0.0318***	− 0.0427**
Divorced	− 0.0962***	− 0.0400***	− 0.0265**
Charcoal
Location
Urban	0.1135*	− 0.0249***	− 0.0292**
Gender
Female	0.0427*	− 0.0176***	− 0.0203**
Decision maker on energy consumption
Spouse	0.02073**	0.0248***	0.0291**
Child	0.0609***	0.0038***	0.0045
Dwelling unit
Semi-permanent	− 0.0753***	0.0138***	0.0161**
Temporary	− 0.1262***	0.0215***	0.0251
Average monthly income (KSh)
2501–5000	0.0016***	0.0048***	0.0053***
5001–10,000	0.1003**	− 0.0222***	− 0.0249**
10,001–15,000	0.1300**	− 0.0713***	− 0.0814**
15,001–20,000	0.1601*	− 0.0744***	− 0.0851***
20,001–50,000	0.1425**	− 0.0968***	− 0.1118***
50,001–100,000	0.1486**	− 0.1786***	− 0.2151***
100,001 and above	0.1911*	− 0.2432***	− 0.2855***
Education level
Primary school	0.1773	− 0.0394***	− 0.0451**
Secondary school	0.1948	− 0.0391***	− 0.0451**
Vocational/diploma	0.13022*	− 0.0677***	− 0.0784***
Bachelor’s degree	0.0364***	− 0.091***	− 0.1069***
Postgraduate level	0.04518**	− 0.1342***	− 0.1602***
Age of HHH (years)
31–35	− 0.0112***	0.0333***	0.0383**
36–40	0.0416***	− 0.0004***	− 0.0005
41–45	0.0399***	− 0.0073***	− 0.0085***
46–50	0.0354***	− 0.0244***	− 0.0288**
51–60	0.0699***	− 0.0333***	− 0.0008**
61 and above	0.0180***	− 0.0507***	− 0.0604**
Marital status
Married	0.1221*	− 0.0069***	− 0.0081***
Widowed	0.0953**	− 0.0276***	− 0.0325**
Divorced	0.0232***	− 0.0225***	− 0.0265**
Wood fuel
Location
Urban	− 0.2889**	− 0.0249***	− 0.0117**
Gender
Female	0.0502**	0.0173***	0.0242*
Decision maker on energy consumption
Spouse	− 0.0352***	0.0248***	0.0104**
Child	0.03543**	0.0038***	− 0.0569**
Dwelling unit
Semi-permanent	0.127308*	0.0138072***	0.078***
Temporary	0.0294456***	0.0215289***	0.1110***
Average monthly income (KSh)
2501–5000	− 0.0015***	0.004***	0.0386**
5001–10,000	0.0303***	− 0.0222***	0.026**
10,001–15,000	0.0515***	− 0.0713***	0.0485**
15,001–20,000	0.0526**	− 0.0744***	0.0172**
20,001–50,000	0.0486***	− 0.0968***	0.0516**
50,001–100,000	0.0627***	− 0.178***	− 0.030**
100,001 and above	− 0.0761***	− 0.2432***	− 0.1220
Education level
Primary school	− 0.0244***	− 0.0394***	− 0.1460***
Secondary school	− 0.0342***	− 0.0394***	− 0.1593***
Vocational/diploma	− 0.0733***	− 0.0677***	− 0.1696**
Bachelor’s degree	− 0.173***	− 0.0914***	− 0.033***
Postgraduate level	− 0.1367***	− 0.1342***	− 0.0129**
Age of HHH (years)
31–35	0.0032***	0.0333***	− 0.0087***
36–40	0.0518***	− 0.0004***	− 0.000***
41–45	0.0798**	− 0.0073***	0.0076**
46–50	0.1106**	− 0.0244***	0.010**
51–60	0.1384*	− 0.0331***	− 0.0141**
61 and above	0.1573*	− 0.0507***	0.0158**
Marital status
Married	0.0938**	− 0.0069***	− 0.0065***
Widowed	0.0796*	− 0.0276***	− 0.020**
Divorced	0.1241*	− 0.0225***	0.1667

***p value < 0.01, **p value < 0.05, *p value < 0.10 Excluded reference categories: rural, male household head, permanent, below 2500, no formal education, below 30 years, and single

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