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Table 2 Definition of explanatory variables supposed to determine the adoption of biogas technology, and their presumed signs in association with dependent variables

From: Determinants of biogas technology adoption in southern Ethiopia

Variable

Type

Description

Expected sign

Sex (Sexhhh)

Categorical

Sex of household head: male = 1; female = 0

±

Age (Agehhh)

Continuous

Age of the household head in years

±

Education (Educhhh)

Continuous

Household head’s educational level in years of schooling

+

Household size (Sizehh)

Continuous

Total number of people in the household

±

Head of cattle (Catthds)

Continuous

Household’s total number of cattle in cow equivalenta

+

Total income (Tincomhh)

Continuous

Total annual income of the household in Birrb

+

Access to credit (Accredit)

Categorical

Having access to credit = 1; otherwise = 0

+

Farmland size (Sizfarmh)

Continuous

Household’s total farmland owned in hectare (ha)

+

Number of planted Trees (Numplant)

Continuous

Household’s total number of planted trees

±

Distance to firewood source (Distwood)

Continuous

Walking distance of the major fuelwood source from home (min)

+

Distance to water source (Distwatr)

Continuous

Walking distance to the major water source from home (min)

Adequacy of available water (Suffwatr)

Categorical

Having adequate water source = 1; otherwise = 0

+

Distance to market (Distmrkt)

Continuous

Walking distance of the market from home (min)

Perception to use & mgt (Indivperc)

Categorical

Having perception resisting biogas technology = 1; otherwise = 0

Access to electricity (Accelect)

Categorical

Having electricity connection = 1; otherwise = 0

Electronic media (Elemedia)

Categorical

Having radio and/or television = 1; otherwise = 0

+

  1. aHead of cattle ownership was measured in cow equivalent where, cow = 1; ox = 1.25 cow equivalent; bull = 1.25 cow equivalent; immature male = 0.75 cow equivalent; heifer = 0.63 cow equivalent; and calf = 0.25 cow equivalent [20].
  2. bBirr is a basic monetary unit in Ethiopia (1 USD is equivalent to 23.37 Ethiopian Birr in May 2017)