Fig. 4

Net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the biomass-biogas-biomass cycle in the cocksfoot grassland establishment year (2009) and productive years (2010–2015) (negative values represent a reduction of GHG emissions and positive values a higher net GHG emission compared to the average European electricity mix). These numbers do nottake into account that different areas were needed to produce the same amount of energy; see Table 7 for area-corrected GHG emissions