From: Sustainability indices for energy utilization using a multi-criteria decision model
Theme | Scope of analysis | Sample | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Energy and/or CO2 emissions | Frequency analysis of energy data | CoM signatory cities | Kona et al. [68] |
Energy consumption | 198 local units in the UK | Keirstead [69] | |
Carbon footprints | 12 metropolitan cities | Sovacool and Brown [70] | |
CO2 emissions | Nanjing (China) | Bi et al. [71] | |
Carbon footprint | 21 cities (Guangdong China) | Yajie et al. [72] | |
Carbon metabolism | Beijing (China) | Zhang et al. [73] | |
CO2 targets and measures | 8 low carbon cities (China) | Khanna et al. [74] | |
Scope of climate target setting | 8 European cities | Kramers et al. [75] | |
Transport | Transport systems | 23 European cities | Alonso et al. [76] |
ICT usage in transport | 26 major world cities | Debnath et al. [77] | |
Sustainable transport | Curitiba (Brazil) | Miranda et al. [78] | |
Waste | Waste management | 3 cities (world) | Zaman and Lehmann [79] |
Urban waste management | 14 Greek municipalities | Karagiannidis et al. [80] | |
Sustainable waste management | 5 cities (world) | Wilson et al. [81] | |
Water | Water treatment options | Ningbo (China) | Wu et al. [82] |
Energy-water-carbon nexus | Urban water systems | 4 European cities | Venkatesh et al. [83] |
Socio-economic power | Socio-economic power | 35 major world cities | Arribas-Bel et al. [84] |
Multidisciplinary (sustainability) | Locally integrated energy sectors | Ormoz Municipality (Slovenia) | Kostevšek et al. [34] |
Low-carbon eco-cities | Not applied to any city | Zhou et al. [33] | |
Environment social economic pillars | Island energy structure | Afgan et al. [85] | |
Green cities (limited energy focus) | Various cities (world) | Siemens (http://sg.siemens.com/city_of_the_future/_docs/gci_report_summary.pdf) | |
Environment and quality of life | Australian cities | Trigg et al. [32] | |
Energy scenarios with SDEWES Index | 22 Mediterranean port cities | Kılkış [37] |