From: Sustainability indices for energy utilization using a multi-criteria decision model
Indirect driving force | Direct driving force | State |
---|---|---|
1. Population: total; urban | 14. Energy use per unit of GDP | 16. Energy use per capita |
2. GDP per capita | 15. Expenditure on energy sector: total investments, environmental control, hydrocarbon exploration and development, R&D, net energy import expenses | 17. Indigenous energy production |
3. End-use energy prices with and without tax/subsidy | 21. Fraction of disposal income spent on fuels (total population, 20% poorest) | 18. Net energy import dependence |
4. Shares of sectors in GDP value added | 23. Quantities of air pollutant emissions—sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), particulates, CO2, volatile organic compounds (VOC) | 22. Fraction of households: heavily dependent on non-commercial energy; without electricity |
5. Distance traveled per capita: total, by urban public transport mode | 26. Quantities of greenhouse gas emissions | 24. Ambient concentration of pollutants in urban areas: SO2, NOx, suspended particulates, CO2, ozone |
6. Freight transport activity: total, by mode | 27. Radionuclides in atmospheric radioactive discharges | 25. Land area where acidification exceeds critical load |
7. Floor area per capita | 28. Discharges into water basins: waste/storm water, radionuclides, oil into coastal waters | 30. Accumulated quantity of solid wastes to be managed |
8. Manufacturing value added by selected energy intensive industries | 29. Generation of solid waste | 32. Quantity of accumulated radioactive wastes awaiting disposal |
9. Energy intensity: manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, commercial and public services, residential sector | 31. Generation of radioactive waste | 34. Fatalities due to accidents with breakdown by fuel chains |
10. Final energy intensity of selected energy intensive products | 33. Land area taken up by energy facilities and infrastructure | 37. Life time of proven fossil fuel reserves |
11. Energy mix: final energy, electricity generation, and primary energy supply | 35. Fraction of technically exploitable capability of hydropower currently not in use | 39. Life time of proven uranium reserves |
12. Energy supply efficiency: fossil fuel efficiency for electricity generation | 36. Proven recoverable fossil fuel reserves | 41. Rate of deforestation |
13. Status of deployment of pollution abatement technologies: extent of use, average performance | 38. Proven uranium reserves | Â |
19. Income inequality | 40. Intensity of use of forest resources as fuelwood | Â |
20. Ratio of daily disposable income/private consumption per capita of 20% poorest population to the prices of electricity and major household fuels | Â | Â |