Economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in the E7 countries: a bootstrap ARDL bound test

Table 2 Summary statistics

Economic variables	Brazil			India			Indonesia			Mexico			People’s Republic of China			Russia			Turkey
Economic variables	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂	LGDP	LEC	LCO₂
Mean	9.039	6.926	0.482	6.442	5.923	− 0.298	7.484	6.295	− 0.039	8.974	7.217	1.301	6.922	6.778	0.933	9.005	8.429	2.438	8.800	6.806	0.864
Median	9.032	6.898	0.430	6.321	5.900	− 0.252	7.562	6.385	0.058	8.980	7.286	1.340	6.849	6.656	0.865	8.958	8.419	2.421	8.788	6.843	0.981
Max.	9.386	7.303	0.953	7.406	6.457	0.548	8.214	6.784	0.940	9.162	7.414	1.471	8.717	7.713	2.023	9.376	8.585	2.638	9.496	7.369	1.502
Min.	8.539	6.571	0.049	5.863	5.591	− 1.012	6.690	5.694	− 1.107	8.612	6.685	0.855	5.471	6.142	0.041	8.614	8.289	2.315	8.177	6.100	− 0.123
Std. dev.	0.185	0.173	0.201	0.474	0.255	0.465	0.429	0.371	0.531	0.144	0.183	0.161	1.038	0.466	0.589	0.272	0.083	0.081	0.348	0.358	0.444
Skewness	− 0.194	0.386	0.342	0.545	0.471	0.064	− 0.168	− 0.223	− 0.207	− 0.750	− 1.533	− 1.556	0.171	0.704	0.426	0.019	0.165	0.660	0.216	− 0.224	− 0.461
Kurtosis	3.469	2.720	2.726	2.065	2.184	1.825	1.975	1.511	2.195	2.805	4.294	4.472	1.749	2.349	2.177	1.477	1.946	2.937	2.087	2.068	2.246
IQR	0.166	0.201	0.277	0.769	0.378	0.749	0.626	0.690	0.791	0.193	0.105	0.103	1.843	0.656	0.886	0.484	0.163	0.114	0.478	0.463	0.576

Note: LGDP, LEC, and LCO₂ represent per-capita real GDP, per-capita energy consumption, and per-capita CO₂ emissions all in logarithm form, respectively. The descriptive statistics are based on the differences in the logarithms of each variable

ISSN: 2192-0567