Skip to main content

Table 6 Results for bootstrap ARDL cointegration test

From: Economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in the E7 countries: a bootstrap ARDL bound test

Country

Dependent variable|independent variable

F1

F1*

t

t*

F2

F2*

Dummy variables

Result

Brazil

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

3.087

3.178

− 2.798

− 1.585

4.459

3.287

D77, D04,

No cointegration

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

1.451

2.747

0.810

− 1.456

0.848

2.788

D77, D97, D07

No cointegration

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

5.738

4.087

− 3.132

− 2.786

8.599

4.913

D77, D96, D09

Cointegration

India

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

3.445

2.760

− 0.097

− 1.188

0.240

2.964

D88, D98, D07

No cointegration

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

7.820

4.643

− 3.103

− 1.152

8.944

5.918

D85, D95, D02, D08

Cointegration

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

0.467

4.194

− 0.399

− 2.917

0.314

5.435

D83, D90, D96, D07

No cointegration

Indonesia

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

0.575

3.210

− 1.179

− 2.267

0.688

3.752

D79, D90, D06

No cointegration

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

3.238

3.004

− 0.444

− 1.925

3.956

3.272

D78, D90, D00

Degenerate case #2

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

0.775

3.643

− 1.065

− 2.310

1.151

4.476

D77, D91, D01, D07

No cointegration

Mexico

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

4.309

2.848

− 0.114

− 2.046

4.458

3.071

D79, D98

Degenerate case #2

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

4.082

4.858

− 0.561

− 3.306

0.680

6.421

D79, D99

No cointegration

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

3.201

4.625

− 2.422

− 0.893

2.260

2.798

D78, D01

No cointegration

People’s Republic of China

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

0.934

3.371

1.183

− 2.306

0.840

3.800

D84, D94, D05

No cointegration

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

5.155

2.965

1.351

− 1.923

7.022

3.244

D77, D87, D94, D03, D09

Degenerate case #2

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

2.973

3.173

− 2.828

− 2.248

4.451

3.669

D77, D85, D93, D03, D09

No cointegration

Russia

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

1.744

13.258

− 1.003

− 2.609

1.687

5.368

D04, D07

No cointegration

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

14.826

3.283

1.935

− 1.671

17.601

3.131

D95, D06

Cointegration

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

9.542

42.776

− 2.579

− 1.326

8.919

21.066

D95, D06

No cointegration

Turkey

(LGDP|LEC|LCO2)

1.537

3.414

1.636

− 2.336

1.129

4.108

D75, D90, D05

No cointegration

(LEC|LCO2|LGDP)

0.939

3.657

− 1.555

− 2.498

1.289

4.592

D73, D87, D96, D06

No cointegration

(LCO2|LGDP|LEC)

1.439

3.950

1.487

− 0.372

2.024

4.933

D72, D86, D95, D05

No cointegration

  1. Note: F1 is the F statistic for the coefficients of y (− 1), x1 (− 1), and x2 (− 1). F2 is the F statistic for the coefficients of x1 (− 1) and x2 (− 1); t denotes the t statistic for the coefficient of y (− 1). D## refers to the dummy for that year
  2. *Significance at the .10 level based on critical values generated from the ARDL bootstrap bound test