Feedstock procurement
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Contracts with large industrial forest ownerships for primary sourcing
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A small portion (10–20%) of the supply
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Contracts with large industrial forest ownerships for a significant (50–100%) portion of the supply of primary fiber
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No contracts with large industrial forest ownerships
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Reliance on wood dealers
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Significant reliance on wood dealers to provide primary and secondary fiber
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Insignificant reliance on wood dealers
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Significant reliance on wood dealers
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Sourcing of secondary residues
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Sourcing secondary fiber from multiple sawmills and re-manufacturing facilities
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Direct sourcing of secondary residues from a sawmill either owned by the same company or by a partner in joint venture
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Supply chain is nearly entirely built around secondary fiber, sourcing from several sawmills and other wood product facilities, from a large area
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Risk assessment (RA) feature
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Use of external consultants and publicly available data for risk assessment (RA)
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RA usually completed by external consultants using publicly available data
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RA usually completed by external consultants using publicly available data
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RA usually completed by external consultants using publicly available data.
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Level of integration
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Commonly feature RAs directly integrated into procedures of primary fiber procurement and indirectly integrated into secondary fiber procurement
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Commonly feature RAs directly integrated into primary fiber procurement
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–
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Standards used for RA
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RA is done to standards of PEFC CS, FSC CW, and SBP
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RA is done to standards of PEFC CS, FSC CW, and SBP
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RA is done to standards of PEFC CS, FSC CW, and SBP
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Coverage
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RAs cover area from where primary fiber is sourced and attempt to cover sourcing area for other suppliers (i.e., sawmills providing secondary fiber)
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RAs cover area from where primary fiber is sourced and attempt to cover sourcing area for other suppliers (i.e., sawmills providing secondary fiber)
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RAs attempt to cover sourcing area for all suppliers (i.e., sawmills providing secondary fiber)
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Risk mitigation
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General picture
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Considerable variation among mills, use of several measures
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Comprehensive use of risk mitigation through certification
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Limited risk mitigation
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Avoidance of risk identified in RAs
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Yes, for primary fiber
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Yes, for primary fiber
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RAs encompass geographic area of secondary residual suppliers or RAs not conducted
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Sourcing from FM-certified forests
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Yes, for primary fiber. Sourcing mainly from certified industrial forests vs. uncertified non-industrial forests
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Yes, for primary fiber. Sourcing mainly from certified industrial forests vs. uncertified non-industrial forests
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Very limited sourcing of primary fiber
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Inspecting a portion of harvest by pellet mill staff
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Yes, for primary fiber
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Yes, for primary fiber
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–
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Inspecting via questionnaires and/or site visits a portion (10–100%) of residual supplier records and sourcing practices
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Yes
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Yes
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–
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Use of quota systems limiting the amount of non-FM-certified fiber
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Yes, for primary fiber. Use of quota system to encourage fiber from certified forests
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–
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–
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Use of independently managed group certification programs
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Yes. Including offering to certify the landowners supplying roundwood to sawmills providing pellet mill residuals
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Yes. Including offering to certify the landowners supplying roundwood to sawmills providing pellet mills residuals
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–
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Use of supply volume-based agreements that include feedstock sourcing specifications
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Yes, for primary fiber. Some instances where contracts with sawmills are cited as evidence of risk mitigation
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Yes, for primary fiber. Some instances where contracts with sawmills are cited as evidence of risk mitigation
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–
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CoC, including PEFC CS and FSC CW
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Yes, for primary fiber
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Yes, for primary fiber
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One company with a number of pellet mills of supply chain type 3 reportedly requires that suppliers of secondary fiber use PEFC CS and FSC CW certifications
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RA with suppliers
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Yes, for primary fiber. RAs with suppliers (e.g., wood dealers and wood residual suppliers)
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Yes, for primary fiber. RAs with suppliers (e.g., wood dealers and wood residual suppliers)
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Yes, some companies extend their RAs to the supply-base of all residual suppliers
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Use of trained loggers
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Yes, for primary fiber
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Yes, for primary fiber
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–
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