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Table 1 Characteristics of onshore wind turbines in the scenarios of the study “Naturally compatible energy supply from 100% renewable energies 2050” (Walter et al. 2018)

From: How to achieve the climate targets? Spatial planning in the context of the German energy transition

Technology

Scenario I: “status quo” current technologies and standards for the protection of people and nature

Scenario II: technological trends and expected future technologies in 2050

Scenario III: technical innovation plus for man and nature

Rated power

3.0 MW

7.58 MW

13 kW

3.0 MW

7.58 MW

Hub height

122 m

200 m

13.5 m

122 m

200 m

Rotor diameter

115.7 m

127 m

115.7 m

127 m

Sound power level

105.0 dB[A]

108.5 dB[A]

105.0 dB[A]

108.5 dB[A]