Table 1 Summary of the sustainability risks discussed in this paper and the methodology used
From: Managing sustainability risks of bioenergy in four Nordic countries
Sustainability risks | Approach/method |
|---|---|
Ecological sustainability risks | |
Deforestation, forest degradation and reduced wood supply | Analysis of statistics from national statistics and reporting to the UNCFFF |
Risks to carbon stocks | Analysis of statistics from national statistics and reporting to the UNCFFF |
Other ecological sustainability risks, e.g. adverse impacts on biodiversity and soil, water, and air quality | Review of frameworks for management of ecological risks by public and private governance measures |
Economic sustainability risks | |
Excessive use of wood as fuel rather than as material | Statistical analysis and review of the literature |
Excessive development of bioenergy rather than other renewable energy technologies | Statistical analysis and review of the literature |
Social sustainability risks | |
Socially undesirable distribution between income groups and regions | Interviews, literature (see next sub-section for details) |
Governance sustainability risks | |
Community trust and acceptance | Interviews (see next sub-section for details) |