Renewable energy and population growth for sustainable development in the Southeast Asian countries

Table 2 Results of the unit-root tests

	Inverse chi-squared	Inverse normal	Inverse logit t	Modified inverse chi-squared
	P	Z	L*	Pm
The level
lnco2pc	10.46	0.28	0.31	− 0.70
lngdppc	3.99	3.23	3.44	− 1.89
lnpop	3.67	1.91	1.83	− 1.95
lnrecpc	16.56	0.19	0.39	0.48
lnecpc	21.23*	− 0.78	− 0.83	1.36*
The first difference
dlnco2pc	25.42**	− 2.41***	− 2.30**	2.16**
dlngdppc	25.39**	− 2.23**	− 2.19**	2.15**
dlnpop	70.30***	− 1.56*	− 5.31***	10.64***
dlnrecpc	42.91***	− 4.05***	− 4.31***	5.46***
dlnecpc	32.37***	− 2.83***	− 2.92***	3.47***

“ln" and “d” represent the variables in terms of the logarithm and the first difference
***Denotes the rejection of containing unit roots at a significance level of 1%. The test includes an intercept. One lag is included for lnpop, and three lags for other remaining variables

ISSN: 2192-0567