Table 10 Percentage contributions of the process steps to environmental impacts—“Wood”
Biomass provision | Pyrolysis | Gasification | Synthesis + Comb. cycle | Gasoline use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acidification | molc H + eq | 2020 | 7.2 | 13.1 | 3.3 | 7.0 | 69.5 |
2050 | 6.4 | 13.3 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 70.4 | ||
Climate change | kg CO2 eq | 2020 | 11.2 | 7.5 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 72.1 |
2050 | 10.7 | 7.8 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 74.8 | ||
Freshwater ecotoxicity | CTUe | 2020 | 0.5 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 90.5 |
2050 | 0.5 | 6.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 90.8 | ||
Freshwater eutrophication | kg P eq | 2020 | 1.1 | 17.2 | 8.3 | 4.7 | 68.7 |
2050 | 1.1 | 18.4 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 73.5 | ||
Human toxicity—carcinogenics | CTUh | 2020 | 1.3 | 10.6 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 80.3 |
2050 | 1.2 | 10.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 81.5 | ||
Human toxicity—non-carcinogenics | CTUh | 2020 | 1.0 | 18.9 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 72.2 |
2050 | 1.0 | 19.1 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 72.8 | ||
Ionizing radiaton—human health | kBq U235 eq | 2020 | 9.5 | 8.2 | 10.9 | 5.1 | 66.3 |
2050 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 71.7 | ||
Marine eutrophication | kg N eq | 2020 | 13.2 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 11.7 | 63.0 |
2050 | 12.1 | 7.3 | 4.0 | 12.0 | 64.6 | ||
Ozone depletion | kg CFC-11 eq | 2020 | 20.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 67.3 |
2050 | 18.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 69.5 | ||
Particulate matter/Respiratory inorganics | kg PM2.5 eq | 2020 | 4.1 | 8.7 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 82.2 |
2050 | 3.7 | 8.8 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 82.7 | ||
Photochemical ozone formation | kg NMVOC eq | 2020 | 25.9 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 7.2 | 60.0 |
2050 | 12.4 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 8.5 | 71.2 | ||
Resource depletion—mineral, fossil and renewable | kg Sb eq | 2020 | 0.6 | 8.4 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 88.5 |
2050 | 0.6 | 8.4 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 88.4 | ||
Terrestrial eutrophication | molc N eq | 2020 | 12.5 | 7.2 | 4.5 | 12.2 | 63.6 |
2050 | 11.1 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 12.5 | 64.8 |