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Table 1 Parameters and simulation algorithm of the objective function for treatment model

From: An economic–environmental–energy efficiency analysis for optimizing organic waste treatment of a livestock-orchard system: a case in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Parameter

Equation for objective function

Interpretation

OTI

OTI = OE/IE

OTI: Ratio of output energy to input energy or energy efficiency

OE: Output energy (MJ); amount of output product (kg, m3) times HHV of product (MJ/kg)

IE: input energy (MJ)a

STE

STE = STO/ETO

STE: ratio of CO2 sequestration to CO2 emission

STO: ratio of the weight of sequestrated CO2 gas to the output energy (kg CO2/MJ)

ETO: ratio of the weight of exhausted CO2 gas to the output energy (kg CO2/MJ)

MTP

MTP = MP/PP

MTP: ratio of market price to predicted price of output unit of output unit

MP: market price ($/product unit)

PP: predicted price ($/product unit)

PP = total cost for a period ($) divides number of finished output products (product units)

  1. aUnit (U) of both input and output biomass for OTI and STE is presented as the mass (kg) of i.e. garden waste, pig manure, compost, biogas sludge, and the volume (m3) of biogas, and kWh of electricity. Their energy content is expressed by HHV (J/U); in this study, the HHV of biomass is measured, or documented by the previous literature