From: Delivering an off-grid transition to sustainable energy in Ethiopia and Mozambique
Energy landscapes in | Governance context | Energy flows | People’s energy access |
---|---|---|---|
Mozambique | Inclusion of IPPs and international investors in energy provision and policy strategies So far, off-grid development has been separated from main electrification strategies and depends on bilateral and multilateral assistance Limited national capacity for energy development The spatial separation of energy development strategies creates different rural and urban energy systems | Natural gas and hydropower continue to be the primary sources of electricity, fuelled by a focus on exports Most households depend on biomass Local biomass (Charcoal and firewood) markets disconnected from energy strategies | Fuels such as charcoal and firewood are embedded in the architecture, built environments, and local practices. Gender roles also shape them Limited recognition of the diversity of productive energy uses and how they are inserted into people’s lives Increasing interest in off-grid technologies |
Ethiopia | Increasing attempts to introduce IPPs in energy provision alongside a strong state that shapes development trajectories The close relationship between energy and development strategies, based on water and irrigation | High priority to hydropower resource development Most households depend on biomass Strong emphasis on universal energy access through off-grid technology deployment in peri-urban and rural areas, mobilising a range of energy sources (solar, biogas, mini-hydro) Existing yet limited emphasis on wind energy development | Households’ preference for biomass with the limited but existing shift to solar household systems (e.g., Addis Ababa) Income, cultural norms and gender shape the adoption of clean energy technologies such as improved cookstoves and solar PV systems |