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Table 9 Economic comparison of different system configurations

From: Optimal design for a hybrid microgrid-hydrogen storage facility in Saudi Arabia

System architecture

Capital cost (billion $)

NPC (billion $)

COE/kWh (S)

Operating cost (million $)

PV–Wind–Gen–ESS

4.58

6.80

0.0993

151

Wind–Gen–ESS

3.13

7.63

0.112

348

PV–Gen–ESS

4.85

6.96

0.102

163

Gen–ESS

1.15

9.38

0.137

637

Gen only

0.650

13.0

0.190

957