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Table 3 Cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity tests

From: Revisiting the energy-growth-environment nexus in the OECD countries: An application of the CS-ARDL approach

Dependence variable

Cross-sectional dependence

Slope homogeneity

Breusch–Pagan LM

Pesaran scaled LM

Pesaran CD

Delta

Adjusted delta

lnCO2

867.0***

1.721*

4.587***

14.19***

17.22***

lnY

928.3***

5.619***

10.57***

39.96***

48.42***

lnRE

810.6***

− 0.621

1.100

17.33***

21.03***

lnNRE

933.8***

4.997***

4.090***

7.16***

8.694***

lnTRD

1370***

26.57***

23.05***

11.41***

13.85***

lnFD

972.3***

7.010***

8.240***

12.72***

15.43***

lnURB

1090***

13.53***

3.837***

23.28***

28.25***

  1. ***, **, and *significant at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively
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Energy, Sustainability and Society

ISSN: 2192-0567

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