Table 1 Coding scheme overview: categories, descriptions and example cases
Category | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
Overdimensioning | Too big; excessive user claims; creatively unnecessary measures | BRH (2011: 226) [30] |
Lack of competition | Violations of procurement laws | LRBay (2006: 101) [31] |
No requirement | Unnecessary investments | BRH (2013: 229) [32] |
Inadequate needs analysis | Excessive standards; lack of cost awareness; planned workloads too low | LRNRW (2006: 305) [33] |
Multi-level governance problems | Subordinate offices plan excessive standards | BRH (2015: 209) [34] |
Economic feasibility | Insufficient or wrong calculations | BRH (2018: 236) [35] |
Cost systematics | Improper booking; wrong accounting | LRS (2013: 135) [36] |
Controlling | Controlling deficits; incorrect information | LRBay (2018: 99) [37] |
Documentation | Overlapping spheres of authority; interface conflicts | LRM-V (2013: 85) [38] |
Public procurement law | Allocation of supplements without competition; wrong procurement type | LRS (2017: 153) [39] |
Follow-up costs | One-sided focus on investment costs | LRM-V (2013: 85) [38] |
Planning deficits | Accompanying planning; inadequate service descriptions | BRH (2018: 224) [40] |
Supplementary management | Costly supplements to the initial budget | BRH (2003: 21) [41] |
Budget | Funding not sufficient for implementation | LRS (2011: 137) [42] |
Maintenance | Budget for upkeep is too small | LRNRW (2016: 142) [43] |
Problems with funding legislation | Double funding; different perspectives on existing general guidelines | LRH (2007: 120) [44] |