Table 5 Results of the sustainability assessment of the grassland project
From: Sustainability assessment of energy technologies: towards an integrative framework
Type of grassland | Extensive | Intensive | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Process | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I |
Sustainable use of non-renewable resources | |||||||||
Primary energy yield | + + (7) | + + (6) | + + (5) | + + (8) | + + (3) | + + (4) | + + (2) | + + (1) | + + (1) |
Sustainable use of the environment as a sink | |||||||||
Greenhouse gas emissions | + + (6) | + + (5) | + + (4) | + (8) | + + (2) | + + (7) | + + (3) | + + (1) | + + (1) |
Cost of avoiding greenhouse gas emissions | - (5) | - (3) | - (3) | - - (6) | + (2) | - - (4) | - - (4) | + + (1) | + + (1) |
Emissions leading to eutrophication | - (5) | 0 (3) | - (6) | - - (9) | 0 (2) | - - (8) | - - (7) | 0 (3) | 0 (1) |
Emissions leading to acidification | - (5) | 0 (4) | - (6) | - - (9) | + (3) | - - (8) | - - (7) | + (2) | + (1) |
Protection of human health | |||||||||
Emissions of particulate matter | 0 (4) | - (7) | - (5) | + (1) | - (8) | 0 (2) | 0 (3) | - - (9) | - (6) |
NOx emissions | - - (7) | - - (6) | - - (8) | + (1) | - (4) | - (3) | - (5) | - - (6) | - (2) |
CO emissions | - - (9) | + (2) | 0 (3) | 0 (4) | - (6) | - (5) | - - (7) | - - (8) | + (1) |
Emissions of substances producing summer smog | - - (8) | - (7) | - - (9) | + (1) | - (4) | - (3) | - (5) | - (6) | 0 (2) |
Emissions of fungal spores | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - |
Sustainable use of renewable resources | |||||||||
Preservation of biodiversity | + (1) | + (1) | + (1) | + (1) | - (4) | 0/- (2) | - - (5) | 0 (3) | 0 (3) |
Conservation of soil | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | - (2) | 0 (1) | - - (3) | - (2) | - (2) |
Protection of the ground and surface water | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | - (2) | 0 (1) | - - (3) | - (2) | - (2) |
Conservation of nature's cultural function | |||||||||
Alteration of the cultural landscape | + (1) | + (1) | + (1) | + (1) | -/+ (2) | + (1) | - (3) | -/+ (2) | -/+ (2) |
Autonomous self-support | |||||||||
Agricultural employment | + (1) | + (4) | + (8) | + (7)f | + (6) | + (5) | + (2) | + (3) | + (3) |
Income opportunities for farmers | - (7) | + (5) | - (8) | + (6)f | + + (2) | + (4) | + (3) | + + (1) | + + (1) |