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Table 4 Parameters at aerobic growth of K. marxianus DSM 5422 in media with various sources of nitrogen in a stirred bioreactor

From: Efficient growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus biomass used as a biocatalyst in the sustainable production of ethyl acetate

Parameter

Added sources of nitrogen…

  

(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 a

Urea

NH 4 OH

(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + NH 4 OH

(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + NH 4 OH

Added (NH4)2SO4

[g/L]

10

0

0

1

2

Added urea

[g/L]

0

5

0

0

0

Added Na2SO4

[g/L]

0

0.4

0.4

0

0

Initial NH4-N content

[g/L]

2.12

0.10

0.13

0.30

0.53

Initial urea-N content

[g/L]

0.04

2.38

0.04

0.04

0.04

Maximum growth rate

[h−1]

0.56

0.54

0.54

0.54

0.56

Consumed sugar

[g]

45.2

44.7

44.3

44.8

44.9

Final cell concentration

[g/L]

26.7

30.8

7.49

22.1

27.0

Formed biomass

[g]

16.3

17.3

4.2

13.0

16.2

Overall Y X/S

[g/g]

0.362

0.388

0.095

0.289

0.361

Final NH4-N content

[g/L]

0.02

0.03

0.00

0.04

0.17

Final urea-N content

[g/L]

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Supplied 2 M NH4OH

[mL]

0.0

0.0

0.0

24.8

39.8

Supplied ammonia-N

[g]

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.694

1.114

Consumed NH4-N

[g]

1.212

0.039

0.077

0.849

1.317

Consumed urea-N

[g]

0.024

1.371

0.025

0.026

0.023

Consumed N

[g]

1.236

1.410

0.102

0.875

1.340

Overall Y X/N

[g/g]

13.2

12.3

41.2

14.9

12.1

Final N content, x N

[mg/g]

76

81

24

67

83

Supplied 2 M KOH

[mL/L]

82

10

0

0

0

Supplied KOH

[gKOH/gX]

0.34

0.04

0.00

0.00

0.00

Consumed oxygen

[g]

25.3

26.4

28.6

30.3

27.9

Formed CO2

[g]

35.1

37.2

41.2

42.5

39.0

Average RQ

[mol/mol]

1.01

1.02

1.05

1.02

1.02

Maximum CEtOH,L

[g/L]

1.8

1.8

<0.1

0.2

<0.1

  1. Final parameters are valid for 36 h of cultivation with exception of the process with NH4OH as the only added N source where the final parameters were determined for 40 h of cultivation; cultivation at conditions as stated in Figures 3 and 4.
  2. a Data in this column was in part taken from Urit et al. [10,11,14]; small deviations from the formerly published data are due to re-evaluation of basic data taking liquid sampling into account.
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Energy, Sustainability and Society

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