Table 1 An overview of the objectives of market integration of renewable energy sources

Demand-oriented generation of RES electricity and increased flexibility of RES plants

Prevention of surplus supply situations via voluntary curtailment in times of negative electricity prices

Contribution of RES to security of supply is increased;

Shift of feed-in to times when demand is strong and prices are high:

Costs of RES promotion are reduced through an increase in RES market value;

• Intermittent RES: Maintenance planning, installation design oriented towards market value and system requirements

Cost reductions in the overall system (e.g. lower balancing energy prices and system integration costs)

• Dispatchable RES: targeted load shifting

Increased remote controllability of RES installations

Participation of RES installations in the balancing energy market

Efficient marketing of RES electricity

Reduced transaction costs of marketing RES electricity

RES promotion costs are reduced

Increased forecasting quality and reduction of costs of procuring balancing energy

Competition for efficient marketing forms

Market-driven production and investment decisions

Competitive determination of RES remuneration

RES expansion costs are reduced

RES producers become regular market players