Table 2 Sustainability Indicator System targets for 2020, 2030 and 2050
From: Sustainability assessment of the German energy transition
Targets | Reference targets | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2030 | 2050 | |||
Securing human existence | 1. Energy-related emissions of particulate matter (kt) | 67.4 | 60.1 | 45.6 | Target 2020 based on the amended protocol of Gothenburg, assumptions for 2030 and 2050. |
2. Energy-related emissions of cadmium (t) | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | Target 2020 developed by analogy based on the amended protocol of Gothenburg, assumptions for 2030 and 2050. | |
3. Energy-related emissions of mercury (t) | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.4 | ||
4. Energy import dependency (%) | 69 | 58 | 43 | Targets taken from [9]. | |
5. Monthly energy expenditures of households with a monthly net income less than 1300 Euros | 139 | 142 | 147 | Targets developed by analogy based on [22] and assumptions. | |
6. SAIDI of electricity (min) | 12.5 | 10 | 10 | Targets 2030 and 2050 developed by analogy based on [64]. | |
7. Relation of employees in the renewable energy sector to total employees (%) | 0.94 | 0.93 | 1.19 | Targets developed by analogy based on [9, 14] and assumptions. | |
8. Final energy consumption of private households per capita (GJ/capita) | 29.3 | 24.7 | 17.6 | Targets developed by analogy based on [65]. | |
9. Relation of technician salary to manager salary at the big electricity suppliers | 1:12 | 1:12 | 1:12 | Targets developed by analogy based on [66]. | |
Maintaining society’s productive potential | 10. Share of renewable energy in gross final consumption of energy (%) | 23 | 36 | 60 | Targets taken from [9]. |
11. Area under cultivation of energy crops (mio. ha) | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | Targets developed by analogy based on [26]. | |
12. Unused renewable electricity due to management measures (GWh) | 4047 | 2698 | 0 | Target 2050 based on assumptions, linear extrapolation for 2030 and 2020. | |
13. Use of primary energy (PJ/a) | 11,504 | 10,066 | 7190 | Targets taken from [65]. | |
14. Specific final energy consumption of households for heating (temperature-corrected) (MJ/m2) | 435 | 367 | 230 | Targets taken from [9]. | |
15. Final energy consumption in the transport sector (in PJ) | 2337 | 1973 | 1521 | ||
16. Modal split in the transport sector (%) | 20 | 20 | 20 | Targets developed by analogy based on [9] and own assumption. | |
17. Number of electric vehicles (mio.) | 1 | 6 | 22 | Target 2020: political goal of the Federal Government, target 2030 based on [65], target 2050 taken from [9]. | |
18. Final energy productivity of the German economy (€/GJ) | 366 | 482 | 743 | Targets taken from [9]. | |
19. Final energy productivity of the industry (€/GJ) | 306 | 403 | 621 | ||
20. Final energy productivity of trade, commerce and services (€/GJ) | 1602 | 2111 | 3251 | ||
21. Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (mio. t of CO2 eq.) | 622 | 467 | 207 | Targets derived from political goals of the Federal Government. | |
22. Energy-related emissions of acid-forming gases (in mio. t of SO2 eq.) | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.69 | Targets developed by analogy based on the amendment of the Gothenburg Protocol (see [67]) and own assumptions. | |
23. Energy-related hazardous solid wastes (t) | 789,223 | 526,148 | 0 | Target 2050 based on assumptions, linear extrapolation for 2030 and 2020. | |
24. Amount of high-level radioactive waste which has not been transferred to a safe final disposal site (t HM) | 0 | ||||
25. Installed capacity of renewable energy power plants (GWp) | 116 | 144 | 169 | Targets taken from [9]. | |
26. Number of university graduates in the field of energy sciences | 2702 | 2516 | 2919 | Targets developed by analogy based on [9] and assumptions. | |
27. Federal expenditures for energy research (mio. €) | 1212 | 1365 | 1670 | ||
28. Number of German patents in the field of renewable energy and energy efficiency | 2580 | 2874 | 3459 | ||
29. Number of start-ups in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sector | 18,288 | 20,363 | 24,515 | ||
30. Added value creation from the renewable energy sector (billion €) | 24.6 | 29.4 | 36.4 | Targets developed by analogy based on [68, 69] and assumptions. | |
31. Added value creation from energy efficiency measures in households (billion €) | 28 | 35 | 42 | Targets developed by analogy based on [9] and assumptions. | |
Preserving society’s Options for development and action | 32. Gender pay gap in the highest salary group in the energy sector (€/a) | 9754 | 0 | 0 | Targets 2030 and 2050 based on assumptions. |
33. Share of regulatory tools in the planning of power transmission grids that fulfil regulatory requirements (%) | 92 | 100 | 100 | ||
34. Share of tourists who perceive energy power technologies as being disruptive in the vacation area (%) | 10 | 7 | 0 | Targets based on assumptions. | |
35. Acceptance of renewable energies in the neighbourhood (%) | 71 | 81 | 100 | Target 2050 based on assumptions, linear extrapolation for 2030 and 2020. | |
36. Acceptance of grid extension for achieving 100% renewable energy supply (%) | 72 | 81 | 100 | ||
Conditions to achieve the substantial sustainability | 37. Degree of internalization of energy-related external costs (%) | 62.7 | 75.1 | 100 | |
38. Share of development aid expenditure on energy-related projects in relation to total GDP (%) | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.15 | Target 2050 taken from [26] and linear extrapolation for 2030 and 2020. | |
39. Share of households producing renewable electricity (%) | 12 | 18 | 30 | Targets based on assumptions. | |
40. Share of households buying renewable electricity (%) | 37 | 58 | 100 | Target 2050 based on assumptions, linear extrapolation for 2030 and 2020. | |
41. Share of installed smart meters mandatory for large electricity consumers | 22 | 48 | 100 | ||
42. Volume of publicly funded loans for energy-related investments (billion €) | 23.7 | 27.3 | 31.4 | Targets based on assumptions. | |
43. Number of energy cooperatives engaged in renewable energy plants | 1415 | 2215 | 3691 | ||
44. Share of population living in regions with the objective to shift to 100% renewable energy (%) | 26 | 51 | 100 | Target 2050 based on assumptions, linear extrapolation for 2030 and 2020. | |
45. Market share of the four biggest electricity companies on the market for the first-time sale of electricity (%) | ≤ 60 | ≤ 60 | ≤ 60 | Targets based on [70]. | |