Table 5 Typology of online participation along three dimensions: participation (participation / non-participation, activity (active / passive), and attitude (positive / negative)
From: Conceptual framework for increasing legitimacy and trust of sustainability governance
Participation | Non-participation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Passive | Active | Passive | |
Positive | Constructive engagement engaging audiences online for a purpose commonly accepted as beneficial | Incidental contribution moved to engage by others without any genuine intention but in a beneficial way | Abstention refrain from an activity to further a cause considered socially desirable | Lack of awareness or motivation no awareness of any need to engage in an activity |
Negative | Destructive engagement engaging for a purpose widely considered harmful or undesirable | Involuntary imposition drawn into forms of participation deemed detrimental | Silencing, self-censoring refrain from online engagement due to perceived pressure or threats | Exclusion exclusion from participating despite the potential usefulness of participation |