Fig. 3
From: Renewable energy and population growth for sustainable development in the Southeast Asian countries
Orthogonalized impulse response functions. Notes “impulse: response" refers to the impulse and response variable, respectively. A solid middle line depicts the response of one variable to a shock of itself or another endogenous variable. The standard error bands are covered with two shaped lines. The response is statistically significant when the bands do not cross the zero line. The ordering of the variables is f(dlnpop, dlngdppc, dlnecpc, dlnrecpc, dlnco2pc)