Table 1 Considered GHG emission scopes. Terms based on definitions of the World Resource Institute [65] and adapted for the purpose of analyzing urban energy systems
From: Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling
Scope | Definition |
|---|---|
1 | “Direct GHG emissions occur from sources that are” within the model domain, “for example, emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, [...], etc.” [65]. |
2 | “GHG emissions from the generation of [imported] electricity”, consumed within the model domain. “Scope 2 emissions physically occur at the facility where electricity is generated” [65]. For exported electricity a GHG emission credit is granted, accordingly. |
3 | GHG emissions of energy suply facilities which “occur from sources not owned or controlled” [65] within the model domain, e.g. for the production of photovoltaic modules. |