Table 12 Environmental impacts per kg of hydrogen different distribution options for 2020 and 2050

Acidification

molc H + eq

2.82E−02

2.70E−02

1.94E−02

1.75E−02

2.99E−02

2.18E−02

2.87E−02

2.94E−02

Climate change

kg CO2 eq

5.08E + 00

4.23E + 00

2.99E + 00

1.85E + 00

6.85E + 00

2.96E + 00

7.38E + 00

6.51E + 00

Freshwater ecotoxicity

CTUe

1.79E + 02

1.56E + 02

1.68E + 02

1.42E + 02

2.20E + 02

1.62E + 02

1.95E + 02

1.66E + 02

Freshwater eutrophication

kg P eq

3.05E−03

1.43E−03

3.10E−03

1.03E−03

7.13E−03

1.24E−03

5.02E−03

1.48E−03

Human toxicity—carcinogenics

CTUh

8.30E−07

6.67E−07

7.89E−07

5.98E−07

1.13E−06

6.62E−07

9.47E−07

6.95E−07

Human toxicity—non-carcinogenics

CTUh

2.72E−06

2.31E−06

2.18E−06

1.67E−06

3.59E−06

2.15E−06

2.85E−06

2.40E−06

Ionizing radiation—human health

kBq U235 eq

5.98E−01

3.65E−01

3.95E−01

9.41E−02

1.05E + 00

1.71E−01

7.75E−01

3.66E−01

Marine eutrophication

kg N eq

5.04E−03

4.57E−03

3.02E−03

2.29E−03

5.57E−03

3.10E−03

4.85E−03

4.42E−03

Ozone depletion

kg CFC-11 eq

7.20E−07

7.01E−07

2.85E−07

2.51E−07

6.90E−07

4.62E−07

8.63E−07

1.03E−06

Particulate matter/Respiratory inorganics

kg PM2.5 eq

3.42E−03

3.30E−03

2.01E−03

1.86E−03

3.34E−03

2.47E−03

2.76E−03

3.27E−03

Photochemical ozone formation

kg NMVOC eq

1.57E−02

1.51E−02

7.87E−03

6.90E−03

1.40E−02

9.99E−03

1.32E−02

1.54E−02

Resource depletion—mineral, fossils and renewables

kg Sb eq

5.10E−04

4.80E−04

4.00E−04

3.70E−04

5.00E−04

4.40E−04

4.40E−04

4.80E−04

Terrestrial eutrophication

molc N eq

4.75E−02

4.65E−02

2.39E−02

2.10E−02

4.30E−02

2.99E−02

3.99E−02

4.41E−02