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Table 2 Content of energy and carbon of biomass in the treatment model

From: An economic–environmental–energy efficiency analysis for optimizing organic waste treatment of a livestock-orchard system: a case in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

No.

Input/output

Short form of input/output

Unit

HHV

C

References

MJ/unit

%

1

Prunings

PR

kg

16.76

45

[42]

2

Manure slurry

MS

kg

12.52

37.15

 

3

Biogas sludge

BS

kg

13.45

38.55

 

4

Biogas

BG

m3

22

a

[46]

5

Compost from manure slurry

CP ms

kg

11.77

31.1

 

6

Biochar from prunings

BC pr

kg

22.79

59.72

 

7

Biochar from biogas sludge

BC bs

kg

13

32.15

[26]

8

Biochar from manure slurry

BC ms

kg

21.12

67.7

[45]

9

Biochar from compost (from manure slurry)

BC cpms

kg

14.08

34.79

[27]

10

Pellet from biogas sludge

PL bs

kg

14.91

38.4

 

11

Pellet from manure slurry

PL ms

kg

13.4

38.01

 

12

Pellet from biochar (from prunings)

PL bcpr

kg

24.9

69.84

 

13

Pellet from compost (from manure slurry)

PL cpms

kg

12.13

33.75

 

14

Electricity

EL

kWh

3.6

 

15

Methane gas

CH4a

kg

40

62.5

[47]

  1. – not applicable to calculate CO2 content
  2. aCH4 is used to estimate the emissions of CO2 from burning biogas. Density of CH4 is 0.6 kg per a volume of biogas