Fig. 4
From: Over a century of small hydropower projects in Indonesia: a historical review
Average generation cost of PLN’s main areas/sub-systems across Indonesia, 2018 (referring to the MEMR Decree No. 55/K/MEM/2019). The figure shows three groups: low cost (≤ US 7 cents/kWh; green); medium cost (> 7 but < 12 US cents/kWh; gold); and high cost (≥ US 12 cents/kWh; red). The medium (gold) and low-cost areas (green) include some smaller local sub-systems with a high average generation cost. The average generation cost was US 7.86 cents/kWh. The non-subsidized PLN retail tariff was US 9.96 cents/kWh