Table 2 Summary of barriers to smart charging
Barriers to smart charging | Automobility regime | Electricity regime |
|---|---|---|
The development of industry standards | Communication between vehicle and charger | Communication between vehicle and charger |
Standards for payment | Partly | Roaming services |
Industry structure | N/A | Which solutions are allowed? |
Underdeveloped markets | N/A | Flexibility and balancing |
Lack of incentives | N/A | Tariff structures |
Industry culture | Yes, but not important in Norway due to weak regime | Minimal focus on customer needs |
Bureaucracy | N/A | DSO—municipalities |
Time lag | N/A | TSO—DSO—municipalities |