Table 3 Indicators used to assess the sustainability performance of municipalities in Germany
From: Sustainability performance of rural municipalities in Germany
SDGÂ category | Code | Indicator | Source | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental | ENV1 | Emission of greenhouse gases | Federal Statistical Office [66] | Tons per capita |
Environmental | ENV2 | Territorial protection | BMUV [67] | Percentage |
Environmental | ENV3 | Total phosphorus input in flowing waters | Federal Environment Agency [66] | mg per liter |
Energy | ENV4 | Promotion of renewable energy sources | Federal Statistical Office [68] | Percentage |
Energy | ENV5 | Economic and efficient use of energy sources | Federal Statistical Office [66] | Percentage |
Quality of life | ENV6 | Ambient air quality improvement | WHO [69] | \(\upmu \hbox {g}\) per cubic meter |
Quality of life | ENV7 | Reduction of noise pollution | WHO [70] | dB (A) |
Economic | ECO1 | New business registrations | No. of registered companies | |
Economic | ECO2 | Reduction in income inequality | Federal Statistical Office [66] | Thousand Euros |
Social | SOC1 | Civic engagement | The Federal Government [72] | No. of hours |
Social | SOC2 | Access to public transport | United Nations [73] | Percentage |
Technological | TEC1 | Access to public free WiFi | European Commission [74] | No. of access points available |
Technological | TEC2 | Access to high-speed Internet | BMDV [66] | Percentage |