Table 4 The reference data used to normalize the metrics according to Frare et al. [40,41,], Rodrigues and Franco [41], Hatakeyama [42], and equal weighting
From: Sustainability performance of rural municipalities in Germany
Indicator | Code | Description | [40] | [41] | [42] | Equal weight (\(w_i\)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental | ENV1 | Emission of greenhouse gases | – | 0.369 | 0.69 | 0.0833 |
Environmental | ENV3 | Total phosphorus input in flowing waters | – | 0.369 | 0.61 | 0.0833 |
Energy | ENV4 | Promotion of renewable energy sources | 5.94 | 0.369 | 0.64 | 0.0833 |
Energy | ENV5 | Economical and efficient use of energy sources | 4.36 | 0.369 | 0.57 | 0.0833 |
Life quality | ENV6 | Ambient air quality improvement | – | 0.369 | 0.72 | 0.0833 |
Life quality | ENV7 | Reduction of noise pollution | – | 0.245 | 0.60 | 0.0833 |
Economic | ECO1 | New business registrations | 7.89 | 0.386 | 0.64 | 0.0833 |
Economic | ECO2 | Reduction in income inequality | 7.15 | 0.386 | – | 0.0833 |
Social | SOC1 | Civic engagement | – | 0.245 | 0.59 | 0.0833 |
Social | SOC2 | Access to public transport | 5.73 | 0.245 | – | 0.0833 |
Technological | TEC1 | Access to public free WiFi | – | – | – | 0.0833 |
Technological | TEC2 | Access to high-speed Internet | – | – | – | 0.0833 |