Table 10 Empirical results from the Granger causality tests
From: The role of renewable energy in the energy–growth–emission nexus in the ASEAN region
Null hypothesis | Chi2-Statistic | Prob |
|---|---|---|
∆PCGDPR does not Granger-cause ∆PCCO2 | 45.48 | 0.00 |
∆POP does not Granger-cause ∆PCCO2 | 0.27 | 0.60 |
∆PCREC does not Granger-cause ∆PCCO2 | 7.65 | 0.01 |
∆PCEC does not Granger-cause ∆PCCO2 | 5.67 | 0.02 |
∆PCCO2 does not Granger-cause ∆PCGDPR | 195.50 | 0.00 |
∆POP does not Granger-cause ∆PCGDPR | 389.88 | 0.00 |
∆PCREC does not Granger-cause ∆PCGDPR | 16.06 | 0.00 |
∆PCEC does not Granger-cause ∆PCGDPR | 16.15 | 0.00 |
∆PCCO2 does not Granger-cause ∆POP | 139.13 | 0.00 |
∆PCGDPR does not Granger-cause ∆POP | 221.83 | 0.00 |
∆PCREC does not Granger-cause ∆POP | 8.05 | 0.01 |
∆PCEC does not Granger-cause ∆POP | 7.05 | 0.01 |
∆PCCO2 does not Granger-cause ∆PCREC | 5.23 | 0.02 |
∆PCGDPR does not Granger-cause ∆PCREC | 18.38 | 0.00 |
∆POP does not Granger-cause ∆PCREC | 83.50 | 0.00 |
∆PCEC does not Granger-cause ∆PCREC | 28.73 | 0.00 |
∆PCCO2 does not Granger-cause ∆PCEC | 11.94 | 0.00 |
∆PCGDPR does not Granger-cause ∆PCEC | 135.84 | 0.00 |
∆POP does not Granger-cause ∆PCEC | 15.59 | 0.00 |
∆PCREC does not Granger-cause ∆PCEC | 6.98 | 0.01 |