Skip to main content

Table 9 Friction coefficient for a variety of landscapes

From: Designing a solar and wind hybrid system for small-scale irrigation: a case study for Kalangala district in Uganda

Landscape type

Friction coefficient

Lakes, ocean and smooth hard ground

0.10

Grasslands (ground level)

0.15

Tall crops, hedges and shrubs

0.20

Heavily forested land

0.25

Small town with some trees and shrubs

0.30

City area with high rise buildings

0.4